Kramer 5 - PONARS Eurasia

Prospects for Islamic Radicalism and Violent Extremism in the North Caucasus and Central Asia

The decision by leaders of the armed separatist movement in Chechnya in the late 1990s to embrace a radical Islamic agenda raised concerns that Islamic terrorist groups would seek to…

Instability in the North Caucasus and the Political Implications for the Russian-Chechen War

Over the past few years the various forms of warfare in Chechnya, including guerrilla operations against Russian federal forces, suicide bombings and assassinations directed against the pro-Russian Chechen government, and…

Did the Russians Aid Saddam Hussein’s War Effort?

A lengthy study issued by the U.S. Defense Department in March 2006 has sparked allegations that Russian officials helped Saddam Hussein defend against the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq three years…

The Changing Context of Russian Federal Policy in the North Caucasus

A year ago, the prospects for stability in the North Caucasus appeared dim at best. Violent clashes, bombings, and terrorist attacks in Chechnya remained common and continued to produce bloodshed,…

Oversight of Russia’s Intelligence and Security Agencies: The Need for and Prospects of Democratic Control

For a brief while after the collapse of the August 1991 coup in Moscow, speculation abounded that the Soviet state security apparatus, known since 1954 as the KGB, would be…

Rights and Restraints in Russia’s Criminal Justice System

One of the hardest tasks for the newly democratizing states in Central and Eastern Europe has been the establishment of fair and effective systems of criminal justice. During the Communist era, the…

Restructuring of the Russian Electricity Industry: The Proposed Breakup and the Lessons from Abro

The Russian electricity industry is on the verge of fundamental change. Until now, electricity in Russia has been produced, transmitted, and distributed under the auspices of two main entities: Unified Energy System…

Toward Full Convertibility of the Ruble? Benefits, Pitfalls, and Prospects

In May 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the Russian ruble would be made fully convertible by the end of the decade. Over the next year, he steadily moved…

Why Soviet History Matters in Russia

When the Soviet Union broke apart nine years ago, many observers hoped that the new Russian government headed by Boris Yeltsin would disclose all the records of the Soviet regime…

Ukraine, Russia, and US Policy

Although Ukraine was briefly independent at the end of World War I and was occupied by the Nazis during World War II, those were the only gaps in the roughly…

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PONARS Eurasia Podcast

Kramer